It

 

It is appropriate to remove it

 

The first “it” refers forward, to “to remove”

 

The second “it” refers backward, to something in a previous sentence.

 

We will need to check whether the “it” precedes a clausal verb (ToBeAppropriate is a clausal verb) supporting an infinitive.

 

They held a party. It was a disaster.

 

We have three possible objects – “it” can’t be they, but it could be ToHold or “party” – “party” is more like disaster than ToHold.

 

They held a party. It was necessary to hold your ears.

 

We look forward to find the clausal and the infinitive – this is a neater form of

 

To hold your ears was necessary.

 

We can have the situation where the “it” matches forward and backward.

 

He had an idea. It was that the farm should run at a profit.

 

We look across the clausal verb to find a clause, then look back to find a clausal object – “idea” will do. Using linkages, we have made the form

 

He had an idea. (The idea) was that the farm should run at a profit.

 

 

Otherwise, “it” can match any object or relation of single form. We can use the context of the “it” to filter the possible objects. In the above example, “it” refers to something that can be removed. We probably need to fill in some context before searching for “it” – if we know that “it” is removed from a document, then we rule out many objects that do not fit in a document.

 

We will rapidly get into the situation where we have multiple possible objects and multiple possible contexts, and need to check them pairwise for reasonableness.

 

See Anaphora